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让传统文化焕发蓬勃生命力******

　　【专家点评】

　　作者：潘鲁生（中国文联副主席、中国民间文艺家协会主席）

　　近年来，国货、国风、国潮兴起，中华优秀传统文化变身当代生活好物，掀起一阵阵时尚潮流。究其原因，是国家经济发展，人民生活水平提高，越来越多的人不再满足于商品的物用功能，更加注重其精神文化价值。特别是作为“互联网原住民”、在丰裕物质中成长起来的年轻人，不再趋之若鹜地追捧国际大牌奢侈品的符号价值，而是更讲求独特的个性和风格，更注重同声相应、同气相求的群体认同，更追求精神层面的自信与满足，由此推动了对民族传统文化的再发现、再认识、再设计、再传播，让传统文化成为时尚潮流。与此同时，互联网的信息传播、圈层社交、线上营销发挥了强有力的助推作用，促成了风起云涌的文化IP、热点、网红。“国潮”因此拥有了创意化、年轻化、时尚化、潮流化等特点，穿越历史长河，走出博物展馆，化身街头元素、T台时尚、网红文创、国货国风以及种种带动设计和营销的网络话题，得到了新的传播。

　　应该说，传统文化“潮”起来是个良好开端，它能弥合社会文化转型过程中一度阻隔甚至断裂的文化传统、精神传统，使其如泉涌般持续润泽人们的生活和精神世界，使传统文化中的思想、智慧、境界找到当代生活的接口和载体，实现活态的、创造性的传承，使中华文化数千年之衣食住用的美学精神、情感记忆等为今日之“中国制造”赋能。因此，“国潮”是一种文化的守望，是生活品质的提升，是人们文化自信的潮流式反映。要使传统文化之“潮”如大河汤汤、奔涌不息，还需深入发掘当下“国潮”所体现的深层动力，包括：持续培育“国潮”创意与消费群体，促进“国潮”消费的新生代成长，意味着民族传统的认同与传承，反映的是民族文化的复兴、审美的复兴。我们文化的传承与发展在于人的成长与发展。所以，美育意义上的传统文化传承与发展仍需深耕广拓。

　　要践行好优秀传统文化的“创造性转化、创新性发展”理念，只有依靠创造力，避免跟风仿制同质化，警惕“国潮消费泡沫”，从更深的层次、更全面的意义上认识传统文化，不断体悟传承和创造性地发展给全民族带来的精神震撼、文化追求和创造力。要不断融入新的生活需求、生活视野、生活趋势，让中华优秀传统文化既保持永恒意义和价值内涵，也形成随物赋形的融通状态，获得当代的美感和生命力。

　　传统文化“潮”起来，拓展至潮服、潮玩等方方面面，体现的是民族文化的自信和活力。传承弘扬优秀传统文化，将不只带动产业经济发展，更能够持续建构中华民族的精神世界，让我们屹立于世界民族文化之林的根基更加坚实。

扫码看视频，“国潮体验官”带你玩转非遗

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月11日 07版）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）