资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
【网络强国这十年】微步在线薛锋:以“新安全”应对“新威胁”****** 【网络强国这十年——行业观点篇】 当今时代,信息技术发展日新月异,实体产业数字化、云化转型的加速,提升了社会基础设施的运转效率。与此同时,网络攻击技术持续演进,供应链攻击、勒索攻击等新式网络攻击手段屡见不鲜,也带来了更多的网络安全“新威胁”。 近日,微步在线创始人、CEO薛锋做客光明网“网络强国这十年”专栏,畅谈关于网络安全态势及行业发展趋势的观察与思考。 用户需求逐渐侧重“疗效” 薛锋表示,“新威胁”主要体现在几个方面,首先是基础设施的变化。通俗来说,网络安全其实是保护基础设施的,所以一旦基础设施发生变化,网络安全也就随之变化。 我们可以看到,在基础设施端,随着5G、云计算技术的发展,物联网、车联网等技术应用日趋成熟和广泛,网络安全态势也在同步发生变化。 其次是网络攻击的发起方发生变化。比如,人们经常在新闻上能看到的“挖矿勒索病毒”,就成为了近几年网络攻击占比最大的攻击方式之一。背后攻击者的利益和驱动发生了很大变化,包括一些类似于数字货币的存在,都为黑客顺利完成勒索攻击和变现提供了极大便捷性,所以,网络攻击也越来越多。 在此背景下,国家相关单位在监管提出了更高的要求,对推动网络安全技术和产业发展出台了一系列举措。 最后,网络安全行业的需求端也发生了一定变化。用户需求更加数字化,企业随之更重视网络安全、更重视效果。“大家不像很多年前,更在乎买了什么,现在大家更在乎安全有没有问题,怎么解决问题,怎么发现问题,更在乎‘疗效’。”薛锋说。 安全服务不再是“一锤子买卖” 当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局中,我国面临的网络安全态势也同步发生了前所未有的变化,网络安全产业不断焕发活力,正呈现从传统安全向“新安全”的转变。 薛锋介绍,当下网络安全行业中,威胁端和需求端都在发生变化,“新安全”是网络安全产业供给端逐渐演化出的新业态。主要有以下几个特征: 首先在交付方式上走向“云化”。过去的网络安全通常是以软件或硬件的本地化交付为主,就像过去买电视机是在线下,而现在的互联网电视或者视频APP,其交付方式、内容和能力更多的集中在云端。针对近两年飞速发展的远程办公、混合办公场景,安全行业这种“云化”的订阅服务显得正当其时。 其次服务模式上采取“安全即服务SECaaS”的订阅模式。订阅的本质是持续服务,以客户的满意和成功为目标,更关注客户的使用体验与效果,促使政企客户认可为效果付费,而非仅仅是“一锤子买卖”。 “我们对此提出了安全行业的‘客户成功’概念。你是否真的关心你的客户,你的客户是否取得了成功,这在整个SaaS行业都很重要。”薛锋说。 最后,“新安全”更加注重面向安全运营的实战效果。面向新监管要求和新威胁带来的需求,需求端的用户更在乎实战效果,作为供给方理应捕捉市场需求,帮助其真正解决问题,而非简单的满足用户填补安全空白。 产业创新更注重实战效果 薛锋表示,以“新安全”应对“新威胁”,应当以提升网络攻防技术为基础,以政策导向提升网络安全产业链转速,推动网络安全产业发展壮大,紧密结合数字经济、智慧社会的规划建设,提高我国网络安全整体水平,为建设网络强国提供强有力的保障。 薛锋介绍,传统网络安全除了以软件和硬件为交付方式外,背后技术原理也多依赖一些特征码、规则和策略来开展防范,存在一定滞后性,误报和漏报的空间也相对较大。 对此,微步在线通过威胁情报技术开展创新,用数据来保护数据。“通俗来说,因为每个企业要保护的资产对象通常是一些有价值的数据,通过大数据实时关联和分析,对黑客、木马等进行持续、实时分析追踪,这样的话,攻击方要对抗的就不是某一个特征,而是一个类似‘天网’的信息量巨大的黑客知识图谱。攻击方逃避这张图谱要花费的代价是非常高的,所以这种新技术突破实战效果是非常好的。” 对于网络安全行业技术创新现状,薛锋也表达了自己的见解。他认为,当前,整个行业都在尝试新的安全创新,其中一大标志就是多数行业同仁都看到了需求方对于实战效果的需求,所以面向实战效果的创新越来越多。目前来说,这种“心往一处想,劲往一处使”的创新,在需求端也得到了一定积极反馈。 对于网络安全行业发展趋势,薛锋表示,面对不断出现的新威胁,希望网络安全领域各参与方携手共进、互信共治,综合运用在技术、产品、服务和实战方面的新安全手段有效应对,不断推动网安产业步入新阶段,让网络空间命运共同体更具生机活力。 监制:张宁 李政葳 采访:雷渺鑫 李飞 拍摄/后期:雷渺鑫 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |